Environmental Toxins

Unfortunately, many harmful chemicals and toxins can be found in our environment and are encountered every day. Some of the big environmental chemicals we come in contact with that are dangerous to human health, and how they affect the body, are explored below (ex BPA, aluminum, hormone disruptors, etc...)

Mercury (methylmercury)

Sources & exposure

Accumulation in aquatic food chains, especially in higher in large predatory fish like tuna, swordfish, and shark.
Also from some animal-origin products depending on feed and environment.
Primary risk from frequent consumption of high-mercury fish.

Chemical mechanism

Methylmercury preferentially binds to sulfhydryl groups on proteins. This disrupts protein structure and enzyme function, interferes with mitochondrial respiration, depletes glutathione antioxidant defenses, and increases reactive oxygen species, resulting in damaged neurons and developing brain tissue.

When it is less dangerous

Eating lower-mercury fish (salmon, sardines, trout) and smaller fish reduces risk.
It is important to note that occasional tuna consumption is regarded as safe for most adults (who are not pregnant or breastfeeding).
A well-balanced diet minimizes cumulative exposure.

When it is dangerous?

High or frequent intake of large predatory fish.
During pregnancy or breastfeeding, methylmercury can cross the placenta and accumulate in the fetal brain. Therefore it is very important to minimize your potential intake of Mercury-containing substances during this time.
Early childhood exposure to mercury can impair cognitive and motor development.

When plastics are dangerous

Heating plastics, especially hot liquids in plastic, in the microwave increases the leaching of additives into food.
Using worn, scratched, or non-food-grade plastics for the storage of food or drinks.
Some single-use plastics with certain residues or coatings (e.g., PFAS-treated wrappers).

Practical tips

Avoid microwaving food in plastic or using plastic containers for hot liquids.
Stick to glass or stainless steel products for cooking, reheating, and long-term storage.
Reduce use of nonstick and PFAS-coated single-use food wraps when possible.

2. Chemicals from plastics

Common problematic chemicals

BPA (bisphenol A): estrogen receptor mimic.
Phthalates: interfere with testosterone synthesis, activate PPARs.
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances): extremely persistent, alter lipid/hormone metabolism and immune responses.

Chemical Mechanisms

BPA can bind estrogen receptors and alter gene expression
Phthalates inhibit enzymes in steroidogenesis and modulate nuclear receptors (PPARs), affecting metabolism and reproductive hormones.
PFAS(per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) bind serum proteins, persist in circulation, and interfere with hormone transport and liver metabolic pathways. It is also important to note that PFAS are extremely persistent, alter lipid/hormone metabolism, and immune responses.

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